Each society requires a kind of management according to its structure and attainment of the goals it has been planned for. The idea of management is not new. Long time ago, human had noticed the necessity of using all the facilities and leading them towards scheduled ideals. The kind of managing and leading the society depends on the cultural structure of it. So the way of management and internAlizing it get the high importance. From the Islamic point of view, as Imam Ali (a.s.) explained it, the government is the responsibility loaded by God on the governors and has a defined framework and discipline. Many books and articles have been written on the justice-center and people-oriented government of Imam Ali (a.s.).This paper discusses the way of internAlizing of those principles of management presented by Him on the base of Islamic divine school. Imam Ali (a.s.) tried abundantly, in his short period of CAliphate, for the governors who were appointed as Islamic cAliphates to base their government on justice, human dignity, and viewing the government as a trustee of God. He invited them to adhere, during their cAliphate, to the ethic fundamentals, God-centeredness, God- fearing and love of human. This is the only way of sAlivation of the human being and the development of society on behalf of governors as Imam Ali (a.s.) describes it.

Nahjolbalahghahis a set of sermons, Letters and aphorisms by Imam Ali, expressed in a brilliant style. Among these are his Letters to Muaviieh. Since the content of the Letters is answering Muaviieh’ s accusations, Imam Ali uses a special structure to convey the meaning. Here we want to analyze the vocal, combinational and lexical aspects of the letter from a structurAlist viewpoint. The most important result is that he uses vowels like "آ، ای، او" and consonants like "ب، ج، ض، ع، غ" and “ ا، ق” , repetition, puns, which, in addition to giving the letter a sonorous and melodic, puts more emphasis on the content. On the combinational level, same-level structures are used a lot, with different relations such as Synonymity, antonymy, causation, inclusion and sequence. On the lexical level, Imam chooses tangible words to prove his legAlity and show the illegal nature of Muaviieh’ s reign.

Text linguistics is a new branch of linguistics that deals with the description and analysis of extended texts (either spoken or written) in communicative contexts and the role of participants (senders and receivers). TextuAlity is one of the important concepts in it which was first mentioned by De Beaugrande and Dressler in their book entitled "Introduction to Text Linguistics." They proposed seven features of textuAlity where coherence is considered one of the basic concepts and seven-dimensional in text linguistics and is the fundamental one, which linguistic scientists have paid special attention to. In fact, this is the coherence of the devices that contribute to the emergence of verbal and structural communication of the text. There are two main types of cohesion:1- Grammatical, 2-Lexical. Imam Ali (AS) wrote his Letters to Muawiyah in the different circumstances, but they are not separate from each other i.e. there is a strong connection between them. For this reason, we studied those coherences and their aesthetics through a descriptive-analytical approach. For our study, we chose nine Letters of Imam Ali (AS) to Muawiyah: 6-10-17-28-48-55-64-65-75. One of the outcomes we came across has been the recurrence in the lexical cohesion that had the highest rate in Imam’s Letters to Muawiyah, as well as the reference in the grammatical cohesion section. We could see that the cohesive devices link the Letters to each other, such as the esophoria that builds a network indicating the atmosphere of negotiations between the Imam and Muawiyah.

Understanding the discourse of the Islamic management can be very helpful for both leaders and individuals who take managerial responsibilities in the society. This research is intended to have a critical discourse analysis of Imam Ali's Letters to Abdullah Ibn Abbas. Hence, Imam Ali's Letters to Abdullah bin Abbas, the ruler of Basra, are reviewed and analyzed through a quAlitative method using Fairclough’ s critical discourse analysis. These are seven Letters analyzed through critical discourse analysis at three levels. At the level of important linguistic features of the Letters, the eloquence dominating the Letters was assessed. An attempt was made to interpret the eloquence of the discourse of this textual features in the context of writing of these Letters in the era of Imam Ali (AS) at the level of interpretation. At the level of explanation, the researchers tried to identify the relationship between discourse eloquence and the text as well as its socio-political context. All in all, the findings indicate that in Imam Ali's discourse, there is only one identifiable practice or discourse practice which reveals that Imam Ali’ s practice was only in an Imamgovernor position. At this position, Imam Ali demonstrated different types of discourse to structure Islamic management in their Letters. In general, six discourses were employed in the production of Imam-governor discourse to present the order of Islamic management discourse including justice-oriented and truthful management discourse, managerial open-minded discourse, managerial discourse orientation, fateorientation discourse, martyrdom-orientation discourse and unworldliness discourse.

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is one of the new approaches to discourse analysis based on which metalanguage factors such as power, history and ideology are examined. This approach was formed in the second half of the twentieth century by some linguist scholars. Tune Van dijk is one of the prominent pioneers who studies in this field. In his opinion, ideology can be represented through strategies called ideological square and based on bilateral contrasts between in group and out group. The discourse of Imam Ali (AS) in his Letters to Mu'awiyah has a feature that can be scrutinized by this approach and via descriptive- analytical method. This research is crucial because it explains the audience the ideology of two opposing thoughts during the history of Islam through CDA.The findings indicate that the ideology of Imam Ali and Muawiyah has led to polarization between two groups, i.e. the contrast between "us" and "them". In explaining the differences between the two groups in identity, members and actions, the status of the ingroup (us) has been raised and the status of the outgroup (them) has been degraded. In addition, the nobility of ancestors, purity, believe in God, relation with goods and courage as the most important positive points of "us" and hypocrisy, disbelief, relation with evils and following the devil as the most important negative points of "them" are represented in Imam's discourse. Furthermore, it seems that "true belief in the religion of Islam" versus "deviation from the religion of Islam" are ideologies that can be achieved as a result of the contrast between Ali and Mu'awiyah.Among three mentioned approaches, critical discourse analysis (CDA) analyzes meta-language factors such as power, history and ideology. This approach was formed in the second half of the 20th century by the efforts of some linguistic scholars and theorists. Teun Van Dijk is one of the prominent pioneers of study and research in CDA. According to him, ideology in the discourse can be represented through strategies called ideological square, which is based on bilateral contrasts between in group and out group. Imam Ali’s Letters to Muawiyah can be analyzed by a descriptive-analytical method based on Van Dijk’s ideological square as his discourse Aligns with this approach.This research is crucial because the ideology of two opposing thoughts during the history of Islam is elaborated to the audience through CDA. The findings indicate that the ideology of Imam Ali and Muawiyah has led to polarization between two groups, i.e. the contrast between "us" and "them". In explaining the differences between the two groups in identity, members and actions, the status of the ingroup (us) has been raised and the status of the outgroup (them) has been degraded. In addition, the nobility of ancestors, purity, believe in God, relation with goods and courage as the most important positive points of "us" and hypocrisy, disbelief, relation with evils and following the devil as the most important negative points of "them" are represented in Imam's discourse. Furthermore, it seems that "true belief in the religion of Islam" versus "deviation from the religion of Islam" are ideologies that can be achieved as a result of the contrast between Ali and Mu'awiyah.

One of the most important issues concerned by Imam Ali (AS) is the moral and spiritual approach. He forbids worldly worshipers from paying attention to the world and encourages them to pay attention to the hereafter. Because not paying attention to this world and paying attention to the hereafter is one of the most important bases of moral life in the world. Therefore, to better express this attitude, Imam (AS) uses various linguistic, expressive, and rhetorical methods. Many of his lofty themes can be better and more effectively explained and taught with the contemporary theory of metaphor (conceptual metaphor). Considering that these moral themes and their examples are mental concepts, the way humans understand them is thought-provoking. Therefore, this theory is one of the important theories of linguistics that can explain these issues. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to decipher the moral and mental concepts of Imam Ali (AS) about the world and the hereafter by relying on linguistic data. For this purpose, the authors collected the maps related to the domains of this world and the hereafter in the Letters of Imam Ali (AS) and analyzed them based on conceptual metaphor.

Semiotic-semantic discourse analysis, as a suitable model for religious text analysis, particularly Nahj al-Balagha, utilizes the tensive semiotics model introduced by Jacques Fontanille and Claude Zilberberg. This model delves into the intricate interplay between intensive (emotional, internal) and expansive (cognitive, external) valencies, offering valuable insights into the dynamic structure of the text, emphasizing the tensive-active and sensory-perceptive relationships. This article explores how meaning is intricately woven in the enunciation, bridging the gap between quantitative and quAlitative dimensions, thus shedding light on the production of meaning in the discourse processes within the Imam's Letters to Mu’awiyah. The study transcends a mere analysis of the fixed letter structure, focusing on the fluid and adaptable nature of the Letters' production process and the interactive dimension between the agent and the actor in the enunciation space.

The phenomenon of linguistic substitution is characterized by textuAlity, and it contributes to the creation of a coherent text so that the messages of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) were linguistically replaced by linguistic and semantic connections to infuse them with new linguistic manifestations. On the basis of the argument that the Imam’s speech can contribute to participation in linguistic theories and phenomena, including the phenomenon of linguistic substitution, the article aims at the role of the Imam’s speech in enriching the phenomenon of linguistic substitution with new linguistic manifestations and concepts and clarifying the type of substitution he has in addition to knowing its form. It seeks to answer how the forms of substitution and their semantic features in the Imam’s Letters, and to show his linguistic vision towards substitution, and in this field he followed the descriptive-analytical approach, relying on semantics and linguistic views to clarify the objectives and questions, so that he concluded that the form of substitution may vary in substance and overlap in form and vice versa. It merges with the stylistic aspect, and there is a tandem lexical substitution, so that the forms of substitution of the Imam fall under the lexical and grammatical level, and may come out to the rhetorical and stylistic level so that they combine with the stylistic aspects, which generates the lexical and grammatical level as a rhetorical and stylistic level as linguistic and semantic features so that the Imam’s.

The Conflict theory is regarded as a main approach in the study of social problems, and Lewis Alfred Coser as one of the most eminent theoreticians of sociology who has had a significant impact on the development of the conflict theory, and regenerated the theory in its both affirmative and negative layers. In his The Functions of Social Conflict, he has explored behavior and interaction of humans, groups and political parties in sixteen theories. The theories are seen as appropriate bedrock for reading different texts from a sociological perspective. Therefore, using the analytic-descriptive method and drawing upon Coser’s theory of social conflict, the present study seeks to re-read Imam Ali (PBUH)’s Letters to Mu’awiya in order to analyze the concealed and in-depth theme and content of the Letters, which imply social conflicts, and to provide new horizons for researchers. The study has reached the conclusion that the texts of the Letters in Nahj alBalagha are very amenable to a sociological reading based on the theory of conflict, because they enjoy a dialectical discourse and one could discuss a great many conflicts in the depths of the Letters such as the conflict between the pure and impure.

In a leading research, the communication principles of governance at the Islamic level have been examined by focusing on the Letters of Imam Ali (as) to his executive officers in Nahj al-Balaghah. For this purpose, content analysis method with emphasis on quantitative approach has been used. Based on quAlitative analyzes and according to the abundance of statistical data in these Letters, fifteen principles of governance were extracted. Assuming that the amount of attention paid to each of them in a significant number of Letters can indicate the priority value of each principle, these principles have been adjusted and prioritized. The principles obtained fall into two general categories; Common principles have been established with the principles of good governance and specific principles of the Alawite government, and the policies related to each of these principles have been examined with emphasis on statistical data and quantitative analysis. In the end, it turned out that two thirds of the principles communicated by Ali in terms of goals and general titles are consistent with the principles of good governance, and the biggest difference is in the ideological and spiritual principles. Also, in common cases, the principles of efficiency and effectiveness have been most frequently repeated in government Letters.